Shortly after gulf war (G.W) thousands of war veterans referred with sign and symptoms of an unknown disease called G.W illness. Despite multiple studies undertaken by several non-governmental and governmental centers this illness remains unclassified and can not be coded by international classification of disease (I.C.D). The etiology has not been found and the illness appears to be multifactorial and basically related to use of depleted uranium (D.U) weapons, chemical warfare (C.W) and biological agents. This article reviews this illness and the adverse effects of D.U and B.c.W agents in the G.W battlefields.

Just as the internal combustion engine revolutionized warfare in the early twentieth century, artificial intelligence is shaping warfare in the Digital Age. Fuelled by data rather than gasoline, artificial intelligence (AI) derivative technologies are driven by innovation in both the military and civilian sectors. Today’s defence scientists and engineers, like their predecessors, develop physical equipment and weapons, but instead of simply making them more powerful and lethal, they are also making them more intelligent and connected. As AI is increasingly integrated into military tools, the digital footprints of modern battlefields will grow exponentially, generating new sources and types of data that will fundamentally alter war crimes investigations. This article examines emerging military applications of AI in order to identify what opportunities and challenges these tools might offer international criminal investigators. Will more sensors and smart devices on the battlefield benefit or burden the investigation of war crimes? Moreover, will intelligent machines add to the fog of war or help us see through it?

war tools are one of the most important designs that appear on the tombstones of different periods of Islamic Iran. These motifs are usually simple, and only the general and visual form of the weapon has been considered by stonemasons. The present study surveyed the designs of war tools on the tombstones and the reason for their use on the tomb of the deceased using a descriptive-analytical and historical method and according to field studies and library documents. It also compared these images with the weapons of the Islamic period in Iran. The findings showed that these motifs are mostly engraved on tombstones with the form of ram and lion and altar-shaped stones and include: sword, bow and arrow, dagger, mace, gun, shield and spear. The image of curved swords has been used the most. The general and apparent form of these weapons is depicted, as the weapons of the Islamic period, especially the Ilkhanid, Timurid, Safavid, and Qajar eras, and is probably a sign of the artist's knowledge of the metalworking industry of that time. On the other hand, these paintings are mostly engraved on tombstone due to the bravery of the deceased and show their greatness and respect, strength and courage, heroism and bravery.

The catapult is a weapon of war that was widely used in the early Islamic period and before the invention of the cannon. In pictures from the manuscript of the Ilkhanid Jamiʿ al-tawārīkh, images of this weapon were illustrated in various scenes. Therefore, identifying the representation, visual quality, and image of catapult tools in the paintings of the manuscript of the Ilkhanid Jamiʿ al-tawārīkh and also recognizing the degree of adherence of the paintings of Jamiʿ al-tawārīkh manuscript to scientific principles in illustrating catapult tools and the arrangements adopted by painters has been done. In this regard, research questions are: 1-How is the image of the catapult tool represented and illustrated in the paintings of the Ilkhanid Jamiʿ al-tawārīkh manuscript? 2. What is the visual quality of the catapult in the paintings of the Jamiʿ al-tawārīkh manuscript? 3-To what extent have the paintings of Jamiʿ al-tawārīkh manuscript adhered to scientific principles? This research has been done in a descriptive-analytical method with a comparative approach and using documentary sources and libraries the Case Studies include 5 paintings of the Ilkhanid Jamiʿ al-tawārīkh manuscript, which have been selected in a non-probabilistic and purposeful manner and these cases have been compared with two examples of images from scientific sources, namely the book of weapons and killing tools by Ehsan Hindi and the book of Al-Aniq Fi Al-Manajniq by Ibn Arnbagha Al-Zardkash and the method of analyzing the images is qualitative. In this comparison, the images of catapults illustrated in the paintings of the Ilkhanid Jamiʿ al-tawārīkh manuscript are analyzed based on the scientific mechanism of this weapon and the degree of adherence of the illustrated samples to the scientific structure of the instrument has been measured. Also, the results of the research show that the painters did not have complete and accurate knowledge of the scientific mechanism of the catapult tool and have merely illustrated its appearance also, the study of the samples shows that all the samples are illustrated based on catapults of Arabic or Persian and Turkish type and Roman or Farangi and Soltani types are not seen among the samples.

Addressing the issue of philosophy of war difficult. In the other words, the relationship between Philosophy and war seems to be difficult one. Alexander Moseley is a Political Philosophy Editor for the IEP (Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy and he has lectured on the Philosophy and morality of war at Several British universities. In his book called The Philosophy of war he explained why do humans fight each other? He said “ what I hope to establish in this work is that the Principles of war s origins involve all aspects of our nature, culture, and thinking. We fight because we believe in fighting and our beliefs have to change if we wish to abandon war. The research method in this book and this article is analytical and Philosophical.

By reflecting the Persian sonnet and analyze of the amaging elements of such figures, we have notice which whatever helps to lyrics and development of the amagery have been considered. war tools and like such archery as the elements of language. Have a prominent function in figure of Persian sonnets. Although such amagery elements. By the cause of function that are describing army slaves face and the mood and that attribute of amagerys. By the step of literature and had keep on (continue) their ways in the Persian sonnet. But their function in such special cases isn’t been stoped, and has function in the other amagery field .Rumi in the contract of the other interior poets has a new and creative thoughts to such poems. How and which qualities are, though Rumi’s special thought to archery war tools in the amagery fields and his creative was doing by Which style are the question that this investigation are trying to answer making timeless ties among emotional abstraction and such elements and finding capacities and amagery’s new capacities in this war tools doing Rumi’s innovation and her special idea unique and special paint that Rumi takes to the pictures of his own poems (like other element (fields), in additional to develop ment of verbal rheotoric field, prominents his speech style.

the battle and war with the devil are one of the topics that have existed in mythology since the beginning of creation and has been of interest in all eras. A tool was needed for battle and war, and sometimes the heroes were known by the same tool. In the Safavid period, war tools had an aesthetic function in addition to military use. Among these tools, there is a war tool attributed to Safi II (Suleiman I (), which is available in the national museum of Krakow, and it includes Cuirass (Char-Aina), a shield, an armband, and a helmet, and it is decorated with poems in Persian language, Suleiman's name, capturing images, hunting. And the role of the sun. In all the mentioned devices, the visual value of the sun is more than other motifs, and the verbal text also refers to the heroes of the Shahnameh and ancient Iran. Considering that these weapons were created in the Safavid era and in an Islamic discourse, this research seeks to answer the question why the sun and signs such as horns play an essential role in the armor of King Suleiman and how the meaning of these motifs can be understood. Is there an explanation? Considering that the purpose of this research is to analyze the motifs of war weapons attributed to Suleiman, to reach a suitable answer, the tool and the images on the tool were analyzed using the iconology approach. The data of the research shows that changing the name of Safi Mirza to Suleiman is an expression of his transcendental beliefs and that era, also in this era Iranian wisdom and enlightenment is revived and it seems that the use of the sun and horn in his instruments also indicates that he has the power of seal. or light Since in Mehri religion, Mithra was also the patron god of warriors who helps them in battles, these beliefs entered the worldview of the people and the artist consciously or unconsciously used the sun, images of battles and horns to help Mehr or Mithras in the battle to the king Suleiman and the expression of his power has been used.

Background & Purpose: Selection and evaluation of people and managers has always been one of the concerns of organizations. In recent years, the employment administrative organization of the country formulated a model to evaluate professional managers, but this model was encountered with weaknesses. Accordingly, the general goal of this research is to design a performance evaluation tool in evaluation centers using cognitive tools.Methodology: This research is applied in terms of purpose and mixed in terms of approach. In this research, the meta-synthesis method was used. Therefore, the period from 2015 to 2023 was determined for the review of researches. The articles in this period were screened and confirmed using experts’ opinions and Glynn's evaluation tool. Among the 608 articles found, 50 articles were selected from scientific references such as Elsevier, Emerald, Springer, etc. The collected studies were analyzed using content analysis based on the seven-step method of Sandelowski and Russo (2007). The results of meta-synthesis method were evaluated and screened by experts using fuzzy Delphi technique. In this technique, the fuzzy triangle method was used to evaluate and analyze the experts’ opinions. Finally, using the results, the native model was prepared and developed.Findings: The results of this research included six dimensions, 20 components, and 115 indicators. According to the findings, the identified dimensions included decision-making, cognitive abilities, cognitive processes, problem solving, and interactive and behavioral cognition.Conclusion: The use of cognitive factors in evaluation centers can evaluate managers more accurately and provide a better understanding of their performance.